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diagnosis differential hypokalemia potassium low management acute high table diuresis diuretics emergencies encephalopathy excretion gitelman htn hypertension hypotonic injury intercellularshift
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... UNa > 20: • Renal ... Bicarbonaturia with renal ... Acute or chronic renal ... #Causes #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Extra-renal Losses ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... GI losses • Renal ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... GI losses • Renal ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Causes
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... ≥100): SIADH, Renal ... Present (Uosm <100): Renal ... with poor renal ... #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Causes of Hypokalemia ... gastrointestinal K loss • Renal ... • Renal tubular ... acidosis (type ... #causes #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Framework Pre-Renal: • Hypovolemia, Cardiorenal, Distributive Shock, HRS, Hypercalcemia, Renal
Framework Pre-Renal ... , Renal Artery Stenosis ... Medications Intra-Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes #algorithm
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... acidosis: Proximal ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm Acidosis - RTA - Diarrhea pH Normal 1. Decreased Mg 2. Intracellular Shift
Algorithm Acidosis ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Renal artery stenosis ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
polydipsia • Hypervolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... , Chronic Renal ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
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