12 results
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Sodium loss (diuretics ... diuresis can be ... diuresis) RAAS ... syndrome) • ADH ... #sodium #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Algorithm Hypertonic ... syndrome - ... , Medications (diuretics ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #sodium #nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
losses, Diuretic ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... , UNa < 20 • Nephrotic ... #Causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
• Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... Liver Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... Syndrome, Chronic ... Renal Failure, ... #sodium #low
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... syndromeHyponatremia ... Renal #Excretion ... #Diuresis #Nephrology ... #Medications #Table
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic (Low ... • Hypovolemic: Diuretics ... osmotic (solute) diuresis ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... volume loss - diuretics ... liver failure • nephrotic ... syndromerenal ... #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
GI losses • Renal ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... GFR, AKI/CRF Hormonal ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
GI losses • Renal ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... GFR, AKI/CRF Hormonal ... #Nephrology #Differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... • Normal/low ... pressure: Active diuretic ... #nephrology #differential