22 results
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
algorithm Urine ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... syndrome) • ADH ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
According to Volume ... Cirrhosis - Nephrotic ... syndrome - Acute ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... - Diuretics
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
- diuretics EUVOLEMIC ... liver failure • nephrotic ... syndromerenal ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm ... #Nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
to Hyponatremia ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... syndrome • Urine ... algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Diagnosis Workup Algorithm ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... mechanism 2) Volume ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Features According to Volume ... - Cushing's syndrome ... Hypodipsia - Renal ... Diagnosis #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
GI losses • Renal ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... GFR, AKI/CRF Hormonal ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
GI losses • Renal ... especially thiazide diuretics ... Cirrhosis • Nephrotic ... GFR, AKI/CRF Hormonal ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Beer Potomania - Low ... liver failure, nephrotic ... syndrome ... #causes #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... syndrome - ... , Medications (diuretics ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #sodium #nephrology