32 results
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... #differential # ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Volume (MCV) - Differential ... • Dietary Deficiency ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... and Folate Deficiency ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
Pancytopenia - Differential ... • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... consumption • Vitamin B12 ... #Diagnosis #Hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Macrocytic RBC: Vitamin B12 ... Cell Agglutinate: Cold ... , Paroxysmal cold ... RBC #Morphology #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 
Decreased Megakaryopoiesis
 • Aplastic Anemia
 • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... Megakaryopoiesis • B12 ... Deficiency • ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... deficiency • ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... morphologic #mcv #differential ... diagnosis #causes #hematology
Differential diagnosis of schistocytes / fragmentation hemolysis:
 • Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA)
    - TTP
Differential diagnosis ... crisis • Severe B12 ... deficiency • Mechanical ... macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia ... #diagnosis #hematology
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
- Spinal Cord Syndromes ... result in permanent neurologic ... HIV) - Vitamin B12 ... , Copper deficiency ... #differential #
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
) - HELLP syndrome ... G6PD deficiency) ... Extravascular #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
Clinical Presentation ... , GATA2 deficiency ... , CTLA4 deficiency ... • Improve the symptoms ... #oncology #hematology