24 results
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... E - Haemolytic anaemia ... paraesthesiae • Folate - Anaemia ... B12 - Anaemia, ... #Deficiency #differential
Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency - Cobalamin
Decreased Intake
Pancreas: Insufficiency
Intestine: SIBO, Celiac disease, IBD, Lymphoma, Amyloidosis, Resection,
Causes of Vitamin ... B12 Deficiency ... Stomach: Pernicious anemia ... #B12 #Deficiency ... #Cobalamin #differential
Micronutrient Deficiencies After Gastric Bypass
Fat-Soluble Vitamins:
 • Vitamin A - Night/complete blindness, xeropthalmia (pathologic dryness of
Folate - Macrocytic anemia ... • Vitamin B12 ... - Macrocytic anemia ... Minerals: • Iron - Anemia ... cognitive dysfunction, anemia
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Approach - MCV) Low ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin ... B12 deficiency, ... morphologic #mcv #differential ... #diagnosis #causes
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Causes of Anemia ... • Pernicious Anemia ... - Low Serum B12 ... • Pernicious Anemia ... #Macrocytic #Anemia
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Causes of Anemia ... Diagnosis Algorithm Low ... Poisoning • Anemia ... Marrow Failure • Anemia ... (>100 fL) • B12
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
Causes of Low Vitamin ... B12 Levels Low ... vitamin B12 intake ... Autoimmune - Pernicious anaemia ... #differential #
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin ... autoantibodies (pernicious anemia ... Worsening macrocytic anemia ... wt loss • If anemia ... - CBC, PBS - anemia
Causes of Anemia in Cirrhosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
LOW RETIC INDEX - ↓ PRODUCTION
 • Vitamin
Causes of Anemia ... PRODUCTION • Vitamin ... B12 deficiency, ... syndrome, Spur cell anemia ... Kumfer @AnnKumfer #Anemia
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
approximately how ... Index < 2: • Anemia ... chronic blood loss), Vitamin ... B12, Folate • ... #differential #