32 results
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Cardiac failure #Hyponatremia ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #Causes #nephrology
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... SIADH, Cortisol deficiency ... solute intake, Renal ... #diagnosis #differential ... algorithm #causes #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Based Approach to Hyponatremia ... Glucocorticoid deficiency ... SatyaPatelMD #Volume #Hyponatremia ... #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Erythropoiesis (B12 ... in pernicious anemia ... Losses Non-renal ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute Thiamine (B1) Deficiency 
Clinical Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 out of 4):
Acute Thiamine (B1 ... ) Deficiency Clinical ... Diagnosis - Caine ... #Deficiency #diagnosis ... #criteria #neurology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia ... ≥100): SIADH, Renal ... mineralocorticoid deficiency ... #differential #diagnosis ... table #sodium #nephrology
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
Encephalopathy - Acute B1 ... - Diagnosis and ... Management Diagnosis ... #Diagnosis #Management ... #neurology #nutrition
Wernicke's Encephalopathy vs Korsakoff Syndrome - Thiamine Deficiency

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological condition due to longstanding
thiamine (vitamin B1 ... and retrograde amnesia ... #vitaminB1 #B1 # ... Korsakoff #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #comparison #neurology
Korsakoff Syndrome
Clinical Findings:
 • Confabulation: Usually initial phase of the disease
 • Anterograde amnesia: Memory impairment
Korsakoff Syndrome Clinical ... • Anterograde amnesia ... presentation of Thiamine deficiency ... Korsakoff #Syndrome #neurology ... #diagnosis
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
) Deficiency Etiology ... intrinsic factor, IF) Clinical ... consider other diagnosis ... #Cobalamin #Deficiency ... #diagnosis #management