61 results
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
Anorexia nervosa Treatment ... Encephalopathy • A prompt treatment ... development of Korsakoff syndrome ... (chronic B1 deficiency ... #neurology #nutrition
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... signs #symptoms #nutrition
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
- Differential Diagnosis ... • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis Nutritional ... consumption • Vitamin B12
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
Signs of Copper Deficiency ... diarrhoea, Short bowel syndrome ... dental fixatives, Treatment ... Haematological: Anaemia ... #diagnosis #signs
Korsakoff Syndrome
Clinical Findings:
 • Confabulation: Usually initial phase of the disease
 • Anterograde amnesia: Memory impairment
Clinical Findings ... • Anterograde amnesia ... presentation of Thiamine deficiency ... Encephalopathy Treatment ... #neurology #diagnosis
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Administration of inulin, B2 ... 11beta-hydroxylase deficiency ... diuretics, Mg2+ deficiency ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Wernicke's Encephalopathy vs Korsakoff Syndrome - Thiamine Deficiency

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological condition due to longstanding
- Thiamine Deficiency ... and retrograde amnesia ... #vitaminB1 #B1 # ... #diagnosis #comparison ... #neurology
Urine Specific Gravity - Interpretation
Specific Gravity = Density of urine / Density of water
SG close to
Urine Specific Gravity ... Diabetes insipidus (deficiency ... Dehydration • SIADH (syndrome ... Interpretation #diagnosis ... #differential #nephrology
Etiologies of Peripheral Neuropathy
 • Metabolic / Nutritional: DiabetesB12 deficiency, Uremia/ESRD, Hypothyroidism
 • Medication-induced: ART, Antibiotics,
• Metabolic / Nutritional ... : DiabetesB12 deficiency ... Paraprotein-associated (POEMS syndrome ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #neurology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
uric acid >4 • Urine ... Glucocorticoid deficiency ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Hyponatremia #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology