55 results
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... #differential # ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Volume (MCV) - Differential ... • Dietary Deficiency ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... and Folate Deficiency ... #elevatedMCV #Differential
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
Pancytopenia - Differential ... Diseases: • GATA2 deficiency ... • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... consumption • Vitamin B12
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... deficiency, Folate ... deficiency • ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... morphologic #mcv #differential
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 
Decreased Megakaryopoiesis
 • Aplastic Anemia
 • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... Megakaryopoiesis • B12 ... Deficiency • ... Folate Deficiency ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome
Differential diagnosis of schistocytes / fragmentation hemolysis:
 • Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA)
    - TTP
Differential diagnosis ... crisis • Severe B12 ... deficiency • Mechanical ... macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia ... " • HELLP syndrome
Criss-Cross Gait on Physical Exam 

Seen in Glucose Transporter type 1 Deficiency Syndrome

#CrissCross #Criss #Cross #Gait
Syndrome #CrissCross ... #Cross #Gait #PhysicalExam ... #clinical #video ... #neurology #GLUT1 ... #deficiency
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
of Low Vitamin B12 ... Levels Low vitamin B12 ... Autoimmune - Pernicious anaemia ... and Sjögren's syndrome ... low #cobalamin #differential
Wernicke's Encephalopathy vs Korsakoff Syndrome - Thiamine Deficiency

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological condition due to longstanding
- Thiamine Deficiency ... thiamine (vitamin B1 ... and retrograde amnesia ... #vitaminB1 #B1 # ... diagnosis #comparison #neurology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Erythropoiesis (B12 ... in pernicious anemia ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology