33 results
Causes of Anemia by Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Low Mean Corpuscular Volume (<80
Diagnosis Algorithm Low ... (>100 fL) • B12 ... Deficiency • ... Folate Deficiency ... #MCV #Classification
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
Neutrophils - Low ... • Dietary Deficiency ... - Low Serum B12 ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... and Folate Deficiency
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Clinically Important ... Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... #Vitamins #Deficiency
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Approach - MCV) Low ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... deficiency, Folate ... deficiency • ... Myelodysplastic syndrome
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... resistance, Vitamin D deficiency ... - Vitamin D deficiency ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... #Hypocalcemia #Workup
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
B12 Levels Low ... vitamin B12 intake ... Autoimmune - Pernicious anaemia ... and Sjögren's syndrome ... #VitaminB12 #deficiency
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... Niacin, Vitamin D deficiency ... • Normal or Low ... - Normal or Low ... #phosphate #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Erythropoiesis (B12 ... in pernicious anemia ... • Refeeding syndrome ... vomiting) • Low ... #low #potassium
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Appropriately Low ... Binders, Vitamin D Deficiency ... Vitamin D: Vit D Deficiency ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #phosphorus #workup
Wernicke's Encephalopathy vs Korsakoff Syndrome - Thiamine Deficiency

Wernicke's encephalopathy is a neurological condition due to longstanding
- Thiamine Deficiency ... thiamine (vitamin B1 ... and retrograde amnesia ... #vitaminB1 #B1 # ... diagnosis #comparison #neurology