49 results
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
cells FEMg >4% = renal ... if renal function ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
tubular acidosis ... recessive genetic disease ... tubular acidosis ... - Antiviral treatment ... #differential #diagnosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... • Metabolic acidosis ... loss (Diarrhea) Renal ... #nephrology
Metabolic and Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis - Diagnostic Algorithm

Anion gap - MUDPILES: 
 - Methanol (formic
and Alkalosis - Diagnostic ... Hyperalimentation - Addison disease ... - Renal tubular ... infusion #Diagnosis ... Recommended Text: Nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis
Renal Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Familial:
Bartter syndrome and Gitelman syndrome, Isolated recessive hypomagnesemia,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Renal Causes of ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology ... #magnesium #low
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Erythropoiesis (B12 ... Losses Non-renal ... vomiting) • Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Migraine - Preventative Treatments

 • Anticonvulsants: *Topiramate, *Sodium valproate, Gabapentin, Pregabalin
 • Antidepressants: Amitriptyline, Venlafaxine, Duloxetine,
- Preventative Treatments ... Nutritional Supplements: Magnesium ... , Vitamin B2, Melatonin ... prophylaxis #prevention #pharmacology ... #neurology
Phosphate Binders - Pros and Cons

Calcium carbonate (TumsTM) 
 - Most inexpensive, antacid properties useful for
and peptic ulcer disease ... , no metabolic acidosis ... Magnesium based ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Nephrology
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Tubular Acidosis ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
potassium(K) & magnesium ... suggests extra-renal ... - Metabolic acidosis ... #Hypokalemia #diagnosis ... differential #potassium #nephrology