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diagnosis differential algorithm management causes thrombocytosis cll hemeonc lymphocytic mds myelodysplastic rheumatology aplastic behcet ckd disease emergencies erythematosus hemodialysis lupus
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) What? Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
formed or don’t work ... Marrow Failure • Chronic ... Nutritional: vitamin B12 ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #oncology
Anemia - Underproduction Diagnostic Algorithm - Iron deficiency anemia - Anemia of chronic inflammation - Anemia
of chronic inflammation ... - Anemia of chronic ... disease - Vitamin B12 ... Underproduction #Algorithm #hematology ... #differential #workup
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Spurious: • Artifact (redo CBC) Autonomous: • Essential thrombocytosis • Polycythemia
Myelogenous Leukemia ... : • Acute or Chronic ... effect following treatment ... malignancy • Iron deficiency ... anemia #Thrombocytosis
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Congenital Diseases: • GATA2 deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia • Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome • Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy Cancer: • Leukemia • Lymphoma Inflammatory
• Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Cancer: • Leukemia ... consumption • Vitamin B12 ... Differential #Diagnosis #Hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV) Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic" • Iron deficiency
of chronic kidney ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... deficiency • ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... diagnosis #causes #hematology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... Leukemia, Tumour ... Megakaryopoiesis • B12 ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytosis - Differential Diagnosis Secondary Thrombocytosis (a.k.a Reactive Thrombocytosis): • Acute infection • Solid organ
malignancies • Anemia ... specifically: iron deficiency ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... myeloid leukemia ... Diagnosis #Causes #hematology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... transformation to acute leukemia ... only curative treatment ... #hematology #oncology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
, GATA2 deficiency ... , CTLA4 deficiency ... virus (EBV) • Leukemia ... Treatment: ... #oncology #hematology
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
Chronic Lymphocytic ... • Neutropenia, anemia ... microglobulin Treatment ... #diagnosis #workup ... #oncology #hematology
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