34 results
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... #Vitamins #Deficiency ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Causes of Anemia with elevated Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Blood Smear
 •
• Dietary Deficiency ... - Low Serum B12 ... Myelodysplastic Syndromes ... and Folate Deficiency ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Megaloblastic: Vitamin B12 ... deficiency, Folate ... deficiency • ... Myelodysplastic syndrome ... diagnosis #causes #hematology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
Diseases: • GATA2 deficiency ... • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... consumption • Vitamin B12 ... Differential #Diagnosis #Hematology
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 
Decreased Megakaryopoiesis
 • Aplastic Anemia
 • Toxic Damage (e.g.
Megakaryopoiesis • Aplastic Anemia ... Megakaryopoiesis • B12 ... Deficiency • ... Non-lmmune: • HELLP Syndrome ... Algorithm #Causes #Hematology
Differential diagnosis of schistocytes / fragmentation hemolysis:
 • Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA)
    - TTP
crisis • Severe B12 ... deficiency • Mechanical ... macroangiopathic hemolytic anemia ... " • HELLP syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
, GATA2 deficiency ... , CTLA4 deficiency ... Treatment: ... • Improve the symptoms ... #oncology #hematology
Causes of Anemia in Cirrhosis - Differential Diagnosis Framework
LOW RETIC INDEX - ↓ PRODUCTION
 • Vitamin
in Cirrhosis - ... PRODUCTION • Vitamin B12 ... Destruction: Zieve's syndrome ... #Cirrhosis #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Hepatology
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
Anorexia nervosa Treatment ... Encephalopathy • A prompt treatment ... can improve symptoms ... development of Korsakoff syndrome ... (chronic B1 deficiency
Nail Disorders secondary to Systemic Diseases
Nail Fold Abnormality
 • SLE
 • Scleroderma
 • Dermatomyositis
Koilonychia - Spoon-shaped
Spoon-shaped • Iron deficiency ... anemia Onycholysis ... discoloration) • Liver cirrhosis ... • Nephrotic syndrome ... Systemic #Secondary #dermatology