23 results
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
age 70 years Symptoms ... : vitamin B12 or ... • Copper deficiency ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #oncology
Risk Factors and Signs of Copper Deficiency
Risk Factors:
 • Gastrointestinal: Previous upper bowel resection/bariatric surgery, Inflammatory
Deficiency Risk ... diarrhoea, Short bowel syndrome ... dental fixatives, Treatment ... Haematological: Anaemia ... #riskfactors #symptoms
Wernicke Encephalopathy - Acute B1 (Thiamine) Deficiency - Diagnosis and Management
Diagnosis - Caine Criteria (2 of
not present in upper ... Anorexia nervosa Treatment ... can improve symptoms ... development of Korsakoff syndrome ... (chronic B1 deficiency
Clinically Important Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency States
Fat-soluble Vitamins: 
 • Vitamin A - Xerophthalmia, night blindness,
Vitamins and Vitamin Deficiency ... Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome ... gestation • Vitamin B12 ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms ... #nutrition
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
• Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis Nutritional ... consumption • Vitamin B12 ... Differential #Diagnosis #Hematology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview

Who?
• M = F
• 3 peaks:	1) Childhood	2) 15-25 years	3) >60 years

What?
• Aplastic anemia
, GATA2 deficiency ... , CTLA4 deficiency ... Treatment: ... • Improve the symptoms ... #oncology #hematology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary
myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... cytopenias (usually anemia ... #MDS #Diagnosis ... #Management #treatment ... #hematology #oncology
Iron Deficiency Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Labs: Ferritin, iron, transferrin, TIBC, TSAT, sTfR

 • Blood loss:
Anemia - Differential ... Gastrectomy, WHDA syndrome ... , Copper deficiency ... Matthew Ho, MD ... Algorithm #ferritin #hematology
Nutrient Deficiencies and Supplementation Post Gastric Bypass Surgery
Nutrient Deficiencies:
 • Most frequent in the malabsorptive surgeries
folate, iron, B12 ... Pervasive neurologic symptoms ... Phos, Ca+, Bl, B12 ... protein, Vit E, Copper ... gastroenterology #nutrition
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Decreased Production:
 - Drugs (chemo, yang, sulfa, acetaminophen, NSAIDs, quinine,
Malaria, babesia - Nutritional ... : B12, copper, folate ... infection (TB), MDS ... antiphospholipid syndrome ... Diagnosis #Framework #hematology