48 results
Warm vs Cold Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Warm Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia:
 • Mechanism: IgG and Complement-mediated
 • Etiology:
Warm vs Cold Autoimmune ... Hemolytic Anemia ... Spherocytes • Treatment ... • Treatment: Warm ... #Anemia #hematology
Diagnostic Framework for Hemolysis - Intravascular vs Extravascular Causes
Intravascular Hemolysis:
 • Mechanical Trauma (Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia):
anemia): ... ) - HELLP syndrome ... uremic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #hematology ... #anemia
Differential diagnosis of schistocytes / fragmentation hemolysis:
 • Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA)
    - TTP
syndrome (ST-HUS ... crisis • Severe B12 ... anemia" • HELLP ... syndrome • Catastrophic ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) - Differential Diagnosis Table

Warm AIHA (48-70%)
Cold AHA (16-32%)
 • Donath-Landsteiner HA (paroxysmal
Autoimmune Hemolytic ... Anemia (AIHA) - ... Agglutinin Disease ... #Anemia #AIHA # ... Diagnosis #Table #hematology
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
Macrocytic RBC: Vitamin B12 ... Cell Agglutinate: Cold ... autoimmune hemolytic ... cold hemoglobinuria ... differential #diagnosis #hematology
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) Treatment
Warm AIHA:
1) Steroids - 1-2 mg/kg prednisone daily
   • Until
Anemia (AIHA) Treatment ... esp if severe disease ... azathioprine Cold ... #Anemia #AIHA # ... #hematology
Algorithmic Approach to Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework by MCV

Microcytic (MCV < 80) "TAILS":
 • Thalassemia
-100): • Non-hemolytic ... , CKD • Hemolytic ... Folate deficiency, B12 ... Non-megaloblastic: Liver disease ... Differential #Diagnosis #hematology
Pancytopenia - Differential Diagnosis

Congenital Diseases:
• GATA2 deficiency
• Fanconi’s anemia
• Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
• Ribosomopathy or telomeropathy

Cancer:
• Leukemia
• Lymphoma

Inflammatory
deficiency • Fanconi’s anemia ... Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome ... Antibody-mediated hemolysis ... consumption • Vitamin B12 ... Differential #Diagnosis #Hematology
Hemolytic Anemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Sickle cells - Consider sickle cell disease (diverse genotypes):
Hemolytic Anemia ... Consider sickle cell disease ... Agglutination - Cold ... #Anemia #Differential ... Algorithm #workup #hematology
Cold Agglutinin Disease

3 Types of Cold Sensitive Antibodies:
  1. Cold Agglutinins (CAD)
  2. Donath-Landsteiner
Agglutinin Syndrome ... • Symptoms of anemia ... anemiaCold ... #hemolytic #anemia ... #hematology #diagnosis