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diagnosis management differential rheumatology table algorithm emergencies hepatology mds myelodysplastic oncologic anemia aplastic apml ascites cancer cardiomyopathy classification clinical comparison
Oncologic Emergencies - Differential Diagnosis Framework HEMATOLOGIC ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCIES: Hyperviscosity Syndrome: • Spontaneous bleeding • Shortness of breath
Diagnosis Framework HEMATOLOGIC ... Hyperviscosity Syndrome ... • Spontaneous bleeding ... neutrophil count < 500 cells ... : Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Differentiation Syndrome in APML Epidemiology: • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study) • Triggers:
common • Imaging: CXR ... - pulmonary opacities ... sepsis), PE, DAH, CHF ... diagnosis #management #hematology ... #oncology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... = funny-shaped cells ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... only curative treatment ... #hematology #oncology
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) What? Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
unusual bruising or bleeding ... by bleeding (petechiae ... factors (examples: G-CSF ... #diagnosis #hematology ... #oncology
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
-> AML: Blast crises ... manifestations, hypoxia, CXR ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... #Leukemia #Hematology ... #Oncology #Diagnosis
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
high WBC count cause ... , dyspnea, +/- CXR ... organ damage • Treatment ... Lysis of tumor cells ... diagnosis #management #hematology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
ecchymoses, mucosal bleeding ... and petechiae Causes ... aplastic anemia Treatment ... Aplastic #Anemia #oncology ... #hematology #diagnosis
TRALI vs TACO - Transfusion Reactions TRALI: • Epidemiology: 0.1% of transfused patientsl • Risk factors: Critical
without other cause ... : Age>60, CKD, CHF ... fluid balance, and CXR ... with pulmonary ... Transfusion #Reactions #hematology
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies Neutropenic fever: - Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
): - Hematologic ... Simultaneous clotting and bleeding ... Treat underlying cause ... “big & sticky” cells ... renal failure, pulmonary
Cryofibrinogenemia Summary Cryofibrinogenemia Epidemiology: • 40-70 years with a modest female predominance Cryofibrinogenemia: • The precipitation of a
Paradoxical spontaneous bleeding ... thrombophlebitis, pulmonary ... cryoglobulins • Negative causes ... Antiphospholipid syndrome ... #hematology
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