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diagnosis hematology management differential cardiology algorithm mds myelodysplastic pathophysiology refeeding rheumatology syndromes anemia aplastic apml cancer cardiomyopathy cell chronic clinical
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
rapid onset of symptoms ... -> AML: Blast crises ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... #Hematology #Oncology
Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MD) - Diagnosis and Management Summary myelo (marrow) -dys- (abnormal) -plastic (shape) = funny-shaped cells
Myelodysplastic Syndrome ... = funny-shaped cells ... old, ~10,000 new cases ... transformation to acute leukemia ... #hematology #oncology
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) What? Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
age 70 years Symptoms ... unusual bruising or bleeding ... by bleeding (petechiae ... • Hairy Cell Leukemia ... diagnosis #hematology #oncology
Refeeding Syndrome Overview What Is It? • Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused by initiation of nutrition in severely malnourished patient.
Electrolyte/fluid shifts caused ... changes and may cause ... decompensation (CHF ... overload) Other Symptoms ... hyperparathyroidism Treatment
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia - Summary Cancer affecting lymphocytes/Mature B cell neoplasm • Lymphocytes accumulate in large numbers
with no early symptoms ... microglobulin Treatment ... • Richter’s Syndrome ... • Sezary syndrome ... diagnosis #workup #oncology
Aplastic Anemia - Overview Who? • M = F • 3 peaks: 1) Childhood 2) 15-25 years 3) >60 years What? • Aplastic anemia
ecchymoses, mucosal bleeding ... and petechiae Causes ... virus (EBV) • Leukemia ... • Improve the symptoms ... Aplastic #Anemia #oncology
Summary of Oncologic Emergencies Neutropenic fever: - Fever + ANC < 500 → start cefepime ± vancomycin (if
Simultaneous clotting and bleeding ... Treat underlying cause ... interventional radiology ... Usually myeloid leukemias ... renal failure, pulmonary
Differentiation Syndrome in APML Epidemiology: • Incidence: common in APL (2-48% depending on the study) • Triggers:
Differentiation Syndrome ... Imaging: CXR- pulmonary ... Diagnosis: >3 symptoms ... sepsis), PE, DAH, CHF ... management #hematology #oncology
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome: - Little or no nutritional
PO4& Mg prior to feeding ... overload -> - CHF ... - Pulmonary ... PO4 and Mg into cells ... pathophysiology #symptoms
Sweet Syndrome Acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweets Syndrome) is a skin condition characterized by fever and inflamed
Episcleritis Signs and Symptoms ... development of skin symptoms ... Causes: - Idiopathic ... Treatment: - Systemic ... #dermatology #oncology
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