49 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... • HTN, High Aldosterone ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis
Chloride depletion syndromes
 • Gastrointestinal losses
    -
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... chloridorrhea - High-volume ... villous adenomas • Renal ... • Severe potassium
High Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis - GOLDMARK

Glycols - ethylene and propylene glycol
Oxoproline
High Anion Gap Metabolic ... Acidosis (HAGMA) - Differential ... with short bowel syndrome ... ketoacidosis Renal ... GOLDMARK #mnemonic #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Diuretics (late) • High ... PRA: Renal artery ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Diuretics (late) • High ... PRA: Renal artery ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia: Diagnostic algorithm
Decreased renal potassium excretion
 • Acute renal failure
 • Chronic renal failure
 • Drugs
Increased
• Acute renal ... Normal, Renin High ... hypoplasia Aldosterone high ... Diagnosis #algorithm #nephrology ... #potassium #differential
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... suggests extra-renal ... urinary losses: • High ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Chloridorrhea Renal ... Licorice • Liddle's Syndrome ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia - Differential ... phlebotomy High ... - Tumor lysis syndrome ... infusions) - Metabolic ... #high #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • Refeeding syndrome ... Losses Non-renal ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology ... #low #potassium