15 results
diagnosis algorithm hyponatremia management hyperkalemia potassium treatment acute alkalosis comparison effects gitelman hypernatremia hypotonic intercellularshift k kidneyinjury lactated lr metabolic
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Malignancy True hypovolemia ... • Bleeding ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Malignancy True hypovolemia ... • Bleeding ... • Reduced GFR, AKI ... Hypo-osmolar urine ... #Hyponatremia #Nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
alkalosis • Normal/low ... Urine chloride is ... the indicated causes ... sodium is typically ... #nephrology #differential
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... volume-based algorithm Urine ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... #Hyponatremia #differential ... #nephrology
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
require urgent nephrology ... common culprits: Hypovolemia ... , Low effective ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... workup #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... nephron - TTKG > 7, Urine ... renal failure • AKI ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... - Differential ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... mannitol, glucosuria Low ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison Composition of LR: • Sodium 130 mEq/L •
Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... shift • Saline Causes ... AKI: - Tubuloglomerular ... Decreased GFR, urine ... • Saline May Cause
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... • Diarrhea A urine ... diagnosis #Algorithm #differential ... #potassium #nephrology ... #low
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