72 results
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis
Renal:
 - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
Causes of Hematuria ... or other tumor, Calculi ... Medullary sponge kidney ... - Malignancy, Calculi ... Schistomiasis, Malignancy, Calculi
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
Modalities for Renal Calculus ... to identify non-calculus ... Useful for non-calculus ... #Renal #Kidney ... #stones #calculus
UROLITHIASIS 

80% of stones are composed of calcium oxalate or phosphate. Others include uric acid (9%),
& cystine (1%) stones ... Struvite stones, ... staghorn or large calculus ... hydronephrosis # hematuria ... flankpain #PCN #calculus
Kidney stone type, corresponding urine sediment, urinary risk factors, and associated clinical settings.
#Diagnosis #Nephrology #Urine #Microscopy
Kidney stone type ... Microscopy #Urinary #Kidney ... #Stones #Crystals
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... Tubulolnterstitial • Calculi ... • BPH • Calculi ... ) - Isolated Hematuria ... ) - Isolated Hematuria
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
of Macroscopic Hematuria ... Painful: suggests calculi ... #IM #Urology #Hematuria
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
mannitol), Chronic kidney ... • Inability of kidneys ... Isosthenuria): Chronic kidney ... incontinence, Bladder calculi ... Pelvic Muscle Tone
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... amino acids in kidney ... heart failure #Calculi ... #Types #Renal #stones ... diagnosis #causes #calculus
Medications for Recurrent Calcium Oxalate (CaOx) Stones
HYPERCALCIURIA
 • Thiazides: HCT, Indapamide, Chlorthalidone
 • Consider after first
Oxalate (CaOx) Stones ... Consider after first stone ... - Single kidney ... - Large stone ... risk in CaPO4 stones
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
Management of Pediatric Kidney ... Stones Acute Managment ... • Try retrieve stone ... : Liver and/or kidney ... SwastiThinks #Kidney