338 results
Imaging Modalities for Renal Calculus

AXR. KUB
 - Good far calcium-containing stones useful when limited radiation dose
Modalities for Renal ... causes of flank ... causes of obstruction ... #Renal #Kidney ... #stones #calculus
UROLITHIASIS 

80% of stones are composed of calcium oxalate or phosphate. Others include uric acid (9%),
Struvite stones, ... staghorn or large calculus ... overwhelms the renal ... These mutations cause ... flankpain #PCN #calculus
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
Types of Renal Calculi ... heart failure #Calculi ... stones #differential ... #diagnosis #causes ... #calculus
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis
Renal:
 - Glomerular - IgA Nephropathy, Thin basement membrane, Alport syndrome,
Causes of Hematuria ... Differential Diagnosis Renal ... or other tumor, Calculi ... - Malignancy, Calculi ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
thrombosis • Renal ... Sickle cell) • Renal ... Hematuria: • Stone ... Cystitis • Bladder stones ... TURP/Biopsy Renal
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Causes of Acute ... ) - Prerenal, Renal ... Postrenal PRE-RENAL ... Infection POST-RENAL ... Urinary calculi
Pancreatic Duct Stones on Ultrasound
Dilated pancreatic duct with calculi in pancreatic duct. Helpful tip- If pancreatic
Pancreatic Duct Stones ... pancreatic duct with calculi ... Ductal obstruction caused ... by these stones ... is a cause of pain
Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis of Macroscopic Hematuria
Important Historical Elements:
- Painless: suggests malignancy
- Painful: suggests calculi/infection
- Urinalysis:
Painful: suggests calculi ... RBC’s, RBC/WBC casts ... suggest intrinsic renal
Management of Pediatric Kidney Stones
Acute Managment:
 • Pain relief: NSAIDs, opioids
 • Facilitating passage of stone:
Pediatric Kidney Stones ... • Try retrieve stone ... Stent: < 2 cm stone ... URS: Ureteric stone ... Monitoring for extra-renal
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... thromboembolism, renal ... OBSTRUCTIVE • Urinary calculi ... tumors INTRINSINC RENAL ... NephroP #AKI #causes