12 results
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis: Pathogenesis and investigations
Risk Factors:
 - Unclear environmental triggers (may be viral, not
Giant Cell (Temporal ... yrs old; F>M Signs ... Anemia - Giant cells ... Temporal #Arteritis #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
IgA Vasculitis – Henoch Scholein Purpura: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

 - Infectious Agents - 50% have
IgA Vasculitis – ... polymorphisms alter cell-mediated ... various inflammatory cells ... HenochScholeinPurpura #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Medical Comorbidities Malignancies (most commonly hairy-cell leukemia)
Immunogenetic Predisposition: patient is
commonly hairy-cell ... vascular endothelial cells ... PolyarteritisNodosa #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis #Signs ... #Symptoms #Vasculitis
Lupus (SLE): Mucocutaneous Manifestations

 • Langerhan cells and keratinocytes release cytokines -> localized inflammatory response ->
• Langerhan cells ... UV light Incr cell ... Livedo Reticularis, Vasculitis ... Manifestations #pathophysiology ... #diagnosis #signs
Feedback Loop: Growth Hormone (GH)
Growth Hormone:
 • Liver -> GHR activates JAK-STAT pathway -> Incr IGF1
pathway -> Incr cell ... activates lipolysis Signs ... #FeedbackLoop #endocrinology ... #pathophysiology
Hypochloremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Cause - Decreased Intake:
 • Low salt in diet
 • Exclusive D5W
- Gitelman SIGNS ... smooth muscle cells ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Pathophysiology ... #Nephrology #Chloride
Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) - Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • Note: in DKA, body K+ is lost
diffusion of K+ out of cells ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... DiabeticKetoacidosis #DKA #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Summary
ALS: combination of the clinical examination finding of amyotrophy with the pathologic
lateral sclerosis Pathophysiology ... - Microglial cells ... are the immune cells ... between nerve cells ... Lateral #Sclerosis #neurology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
hematuria • Signs ... Diagnostic of GN or vasculitis ... necrosis (Sickle cell ... causes #urology #nephrology
Giant Cell Arteritis (Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Cranial Arteritis): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 - Morning Stiffness (>1
Giant Cell Arteritis ... CranialArteritis #Pathophysiology ... #Signs #Symptoms ... #Diagnosis #Vasculitis