42 results
Retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Sporadic mutation -> One allele of RB1 tumor suppressor gene
mutated in one cell ... mutated in all cells ... Retinoblastoma Signs / Symptoms ... Retinoblastoma #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Features of a Sickle Cell Crisis 
Sickle-cell disease - an autosomal recessive blood disorder.
Characterized by red
Features of a Sickle Cell ... Crisis Sickle-cell ... These cells can ... The underlying pathophysiology ... Features #Signs #Symptoms
Acute Rheumatic Fever: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

Delayed autoimmune reaction
-> Molecular mimicry
-> GAS antigen cross-reacts with host
->
B and CD-4+ T cells ... CRP Neuronal cell ... surface targeted -> Cell ... RheumaticFever #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms
Giant Cell (Temporal) Arteritis: Pathogenesis and investigations
Risk Factors:
 - Unclear environmental triggers (may be viral, not
Giant Cell (Temporal ... old; F>M Signs/Symptoms ... Anemia - Giant cells ... Temporal #Arteritis #Pathophysiology ... Diagnosis #Signs #Symptoms
Lymphomas and Lymphoproliferative Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hodgkin Lymphoma ~40% - Characteristic For Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells
Reed-Sternberg (RS) Cells ... (LP) tumour B cells ... pattern of spread, B symptoms ... ~10% - B-Cell ... Classification #pathophysiology
Stress Fracture: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
Abnormal biomechanics, Repetitive impact activities
=> Repetitive subthreshold mechanical loading
=> Bone strain
=>
to repair => Microscopic ... #orthopedics #pathophysiology ... #symptoms #signs
A red blood cell (red arrow) is seen crossing the basement membrane (blue arrow) and losing
A red blood cell ... pathology #clinical #pathophysiology ... #microscopy
X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
The epidemiology of this disease is 1/340,000 births and roughly double
involved in B cell ... from precursor cells ... -> Impaired B cell ... immunity Signs/Symptoms ... Agammaglobulinemia #XLinked #pathophysiology
Hashitoxicosis

‘Leakage’ symptoms of active Hashimoto’s disease

- Hashitoxicosis (Htx) can occur during the initial hyperthyroid stage in
Hashitoxicosis ‘Leakage’ symptoms ... lymphocytes and plasma cells ... ‘Leakage’ symptoms ... due to thyroid cell ... Endocrinology #Diagnosis #Pathophysiology
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
caused by blood cells ... age 70 years Symptoms ... abnormal under the microscope ... abnormal under a microscope ... abnormal under the microscope