14 results
Stroke Etiologies
Hemorrhagic (IPH, SAH)
Ischemic
 - Large Vessel Atherosclerosis
 - Cardioembolic: Atrial fib, prosthetic valves, LV aneurysm,
Stroke Etiologies ... fib, prosthetic valves ... , LV aneurysm, Endocarditis ... #causes #differential ... #diagnosis #neurology
What's the Dx?
• 29-year-old male 
• Transfer community hospital 
• Hypotension
• Renal failure
• Altered mental status.
Clips 1 and 2 demonstrate ... a mobile mitral ... with a vegetation ... secondary to endocarditis ... Clinical #POCUS #Echocardiogram
Causes of Ischemic Stroke - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Important to determine and treat the etiology behind because
Stroke - Differential ... * • Valvular: Mitral ... stenosis, Prosthetic valve ... • Endocarditis ... #Diagnosis #causes
Causes of Primary and Functional Mitral Regurgitation (MR) 
Causes of primary mitral regurgitation
 - Rheumatic heart
Infective/marantic endocarditis ... Vegetations seen ... valve - Secondary ... #Functional #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Cardiology
Causes of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic heart disease
 - Most common cause worldwide. Commissural fusion, thick MV leaflets
Causes of mitral ... disease Infective endocarditis ... (vegetations)/tumor ... atrial myxoma)/ball valve ... #diagnosis #differential
Primary and Secondary Causes of Mitral Regurgitation
Primary (organic) chronic mitral regurgitation:
 • Leaflet: Rheumatic fever, Infective
and Secondary Causes ... • Prosthetic valve ... annulus valve: ... Regurgitation #differential ... #diagnosis #cardiology
Coronary Artery Embolism - Etiology and Scoring
Etiology:
 • Direct: Clot (LV thrombus, LAA Thrombus), Valve (Vegetation,
(Vegetation, Thrombus ... - Most Common Cause ... cardiac surgery, endocarditis ... Artery #Embolism #diagnosis ... #differential #
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Involves aortic and mitral ... formation • Other vegetations ... Marantic (NTBE) Differential ... -mm left sided vegetations ... #Endocarditis #diagnosis
Widened Pulse Pressure - Differential Diagnosis and Pathophysiology

Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic blood
Pulse Pressure = Stroke ... sclerosis (both heart valve ... Increased risk for stroke ... • Infective Endocarditis ... • Mitral Stenosis
Causes of Thrombocytopenia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Decreased Production:
 - Drugs (chemo, yang, sulfa, acetaminophen, NSAIDs, quinine,
Causes of Thrombocytopenia ... - Differential ... quinine, etc) - Viral ... - Mechanical: valve ... replacement, endocarditis