62 results
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm ... low, uric acid ... low in euvolemic ... #Differential #Algorithm ... #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Extra-renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 • Increased renal interstitial pressure
 • Hypoperfusion
 • Reduced
in cardiorenal syndrome ... Reduced renal blood flow ... hypertrophy • Sodium ... #Mechanisms #pathophysiology ... #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Hypothyroidism, Low ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Cushing syndrome ... #nephrology #sodium
Gitelman Syndrome Pathophysiology
Gitelman Syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive salt-losing tubulopathy with a prevalence of 1-
Pathophysiology ... thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride ... → - ↑ K+ and ... #Pathophysiology ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm ADH ... Toast Syndrome, ... Beer Potomania - Low ... #nephrology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
clinical findings ... Anterior Cord Syndrome ... #diagnosis #pathophysiology ... signs #symptoms #msk ... #orthopedics #neurology
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

 • Paresthesia of 5th and medial half of 4th
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome ... clinical findings ... awakening • Medial hand ... #Diagnosis #pathophysiology ... signs #symptoms #msk