28 results
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
failure (acute ... and chronic) Causes ... Renal acidosis ... insufficiency) ... #causes #nephrology
Renal Tubular Acidosis (RTA) 
Type 1 - Failure of secretion
Type 2 - Bicarbonate wasting
Type 4 -
Renal Tubular Acidosis ... Mixed* - Inherited carbonic ... #Tubular #Acidosis ... #RTA #types #classification ... #nephrology #diagnosis
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... Compensation, Acute ... /Chronic renal failure ... - Adrenal insufficiency ... #Summary #Nephrology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... tubal acidosis ... UNa > 20: • Acute ... or chronic renal ... #nephrology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... syndrome - Acute ... and chronic kidney ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... #Table #Causes
Acute and Chronic Causes of Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis
Pulmonary/Chest Wall:
 • Acute: Trauma, COPD exacerbation, Asthma
Acute and Chronic ... Causes of Dyspnea ... : Metabolic acidosis ... (eg, DM, renal ... #Chronic #Causes
Hyperuricemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary - Over-production
     • Increased turnover of nucleotides
Primary
- Differential Diagnosis ... (ALL) • Acute ... • Diabetic acidosis ... • Chronic renal ... endocrinology #causes
Causes of Peripheral Edema - Differential Diagnosis
Increased Hydrostatic Pressure
 • Volume Expansion: Kidney failure, Pregnancy, Medication
Causes of Peripheral ... - Differential Diagnosis ... prednisone, NSAIDs), Acute ... Obstruction / Insufficiency ... vein thrombosis, Chronic
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
- Differential Diagnosis ... - Renal insufficiency ... Surgical drains - Chronic ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Workup #nephrology
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Common causes of ... - Differential Diagnosis ... forward flow, Venous ... thromboembolism, renal ... #nephrology