48 results
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
and Features of Hyponatremia ... - Acute and chronic ... Glucocorticoid deficit - Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... polydipsia • Insufficient ... osmole intake #Hyponatremia ... #Nephrology #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Etiologies of Hypernatremia ... hypercalcemia ... - Chronic hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... polydipsia • Insufficient ... osmole intake #Hyponatremia ... #Nephrology #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... : • Acute or chronic ... renal failure Hypervolemia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #nephrology
Adrenal Insufficiency Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Clinical suspicion: Weakness, fatigue, nausea, musculoskeletal pain, dizziness, volume depletion, abdominal pain,
Adrenal Insufficiency ... Weakness, fatigue, nausea ... , hypotension, hyponatremia ... , hyperkalemia, ... Primary adrenal insufficiency
Hyponatremia Diagnosis Algorithm
UOsm ≥ POsm - Vasopressin-Dependent
 • UNa < 20 mEq/L - Appropriate (↓ EABV)
Hyponatremia Diagnosis ... intake, Renal insufficiency ... @NephroMD #hyponatremia ... differential #algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS 
OF ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. 

Primary and secondary adrenal insufficiency:
 - Tiredness, weakness, mental depression
secondary adrenal insufficiency ... hypotension - Nausea ... , diarrhea - Hyponatremia ... Primary adrenal insufficiency ... Hyperpigmentation - Hyperkalemia
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
failure (acute and chronic ... Hypokalemia ... Chronic progressive ... (with renal insufficiency ... #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
Causes of Seizures ... ICH, Cerebral venous ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes ... #neurology