37 results
REBEL Review 70: Fluid Composition - Colloids and Crystalloids

Colloids: Dextran, Gelatin - Crystalloids: Normal Saline, Ringer's
Review 70: Fluid Composition ... - Colloids and ... Crystalloids Colloids ... #composition #contents ... #comparison #table
Summary table of mechanism of action, side effect and contraindications of commonly used diabetic drugs. 

#pharmacology
Summary table of ... of action, side effect ... #pharmacology #dm2
Metformin Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action:
 • Suppresses gluconeogenesis by the liver
 • Increases insulin-mediated glucose utilization
agent • Does not cause ... disease Common Side Effects ... Toxicities: • GI side effects ... e.g. diarrhea, nausea ... Pharmacology #Summary #DM2
GLP-1 Receptor Agonists - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Stimulate glucose-dependent insulin release from the pancreas (GLP-1
Ozempic), or daily tablet ... e.g. diarrhea, nausea ... not definitively cause ... /effect) • May ... Pharmacology #Summary #DM2
DPP-4 Inhibitors - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4), which normally inactivates GLP-1
Januvia) - Once/day tablet ... failure Common Side Effects ... not definitively cause ... /effect) • Saxagliptin ... Pharmacology #Summary #DM2
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... Hypercalcemia-PTH effect ... ab • Genetics defects ... -1beta, cyclin M2 ... Magnesium #Low #Causes
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Comparison Composition ... of 9 kcal/L Composition ... - Protective effects ... shift • Saline Causes ... • Saline May Cause
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
Causes of False ... E Dilutional Effect ... Decrease #Diagnosis #DM2
Common Vasopressors and Inotropes
Norepinephrine (NE)
 - Indication: Distributive shock (1st line for septic shock), Cardiogenic shock
mild ↑CO) - Side effects ... with HCM) - Side effects ... Bradyarrhythmias, Some cases ... shock - Side effects ... Inotropes #comparison #table
SGLT2 Inhibitors 
SGLT2 inhibitors are the newest class of anti-diabetic medications, with the first one (Canagliflozin)
kidney), which causes ... drugs include side effects ... Side effects include ... #Medications #DM2