13 results
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
1) Clinical clues ... #differential #diagnosis ... #endocrinology ... #calcium #elevated ... #evaluation #workup
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... - AKI Workup Algorithm ... and Differential Diagnosis ... ultrasonography, serum calcium ... #nephrology #causes
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
Simplified Approach to Acute ... require urgent nephrology ... evaluation? ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Urate crystals • Calcium ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... and Diagnosis Algorithm ... repeat testing • Acute ... for renal biopsy ... if cause not identified
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
Hypertension - Workup ... and Differential Diagnosis ... Approach (when evaluation ... Vasculitis • Endocrinologic ... #Hypertension #Workup
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency:
 • ACTH stimulation test - Synthetic ACTH does not stimulate cortisol secretion because
aldosterone - Low in cases ... Insufficiency #Evaluation ... #laboratory #diagnosis ... #testing #endocrinology ... #workup
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... : Differential Diagnosis ... postchronic hypercapnia (acute ... deficiency • Milk (calcium ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
Acute illness ... low circulating calcium ... gland removal Renal ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... reabsorption) Workup ... only if no clear cause ... Treatments: • Calcium ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology