12 results
Causes of Vitamin B12 Deficiency - Cobalamin
Decreased Intake
Pancreas: Insufficiency
Intestine: SIBO, Celiac disease, IBD, Lymphoma, Amyloidosis, Resection,
B12 Deficiency ... Intestine: SIBO, Celiac ... disease, IBD, Lymphoma ... Stomach: Pernicious anemia ... #B12 #Deficiency
Anemia - Underproduction Diagnostic Algorithm
 - Iron deficiency anemia
 - Anemia of chronic inflammation
 - Anemia
Diagnostic Algorithm ... - Iron deficiency ... chronic kidney disease ... - Vitamin B12 ... and/or folate deficiency
Gastrointestinal Evaluation of Iron Deficiency Anemia
In patients with anemia, diagnose iron deficiency if:
 • Ferritin <
of Iron Deficiency ... with anemia, diagnose ... iron deficiency ... tests Test for celiac ... #Iron #Deficiency
Causes of Iron Deficiency
 • Diet: ↓ Intake, e.g. vegan, Malnutrition, Polyphenol / tannins, ↓ Vitamin
Causes of Iron Deficiency ... Polyphenol / tannins, ↓ Vitamin ... Drugs, H pylori, Celiac ... : IBD, Chronic disease ... #anemia #nutrition
Red Blood Cell (RBC) Morphology
Microcytic RBC: Pyridoxine deficiency, Thalassemia, Iron deficiency anemia, Chronic disease anemia (sometimes),
deficiency anemia ... Macrocytic RBC: Vitamin ... B12 or Folate deficiency ... deficiency anemia ... #differential #diagnosis
Diagnostic Framework for Anemia (Morphological Approach - MCV)
Low MCV - <80fL - "Microcytic"
 • Iron deficiency
Diagnostic Framework ... Microcytic" • Iron ... chronic kidney disease ... Megaloblastic: Vitamin ... B12 deficiency,
Causes of Low Vitamin B12 Levels
Low vitamin B12 intake - Vegetarianism, chronic alcoholism and older people
Autoimmune
Causes of Low Vitamin ... B12 Levels Low ... vitamin B12 intake ... , coeliac disease ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of False Elevation and Reduction in HbA1c

== False Elevation ==
Decreased RBC turnover 
• Iron, B-12,
RBC turnover • Iron ... deficiency • ... End-stage renal disease ... glycosylation • Vitamin ... Increase #Decrease #Diagnosis
Reticulocyte Production Index = (Retic %) x (Hct / 45) / Maturation Factor
The maturation factor is
deficiencies: Iron ... chronic blood loss), Vitamin ... B12, Folate • ... Chronic kidney disease ... #differential #diagnosis
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Deficiency
Etiology:
 • Vit B12 - aka cobalamin. Present in foods derived from animal
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin ... related to IBD, celiac ... disease, other ... #Deficiency #diagnosis ... #management #nutrition