38 results
Clues to Differential Diagnosis of Central Cyanosis: Onset of cyanosis, Clubbing, Secondary erythrocytosis, Auscultation, X-ray, Echocardiography,
Clues to Differential ... gas - Cyanotic heart ... Central #Cardiology #Causes ... #Table #Comparison
Underlying causes of PEA arrest: H’s and T’s 

Hypovolemia, Hypoxia, Hydrogen Ion (acidosis), Hypo/Hyper-kalemia, Hypothermia
Toxins, Tamponade,
Underlying causes ... Pneumothorax, Thrombosis (heart ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification

Hypovolemic (Intravascular volume depletion)
 - Hemorrhagic 
   • Trauma
MI - Severe heart ... exacerbation (any cause ... Classification #Table
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis by Mechanism
Decr Blood Pressure (“Decr Effective Circulating Volume”) 
 - Volume depletion
depletion - Heart ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes #Sodium
Kussmaul's Sign on Physical Exam

What’s the diagnosis?
Severe biventeicular failure with + Kussmaul sign! NICM. No constriction!

-
inability of the right heart ... and other rarer causes ... Kussmauls #Sign #physicalexam
DPP-4 Inhibitors - Pharmacology Summary
Mechanisms of Action: Inhibits DPP-4 (dipeptidyl peptidase 4), which normally inactivates GLP-1
Januvia) - Once/day tablet ... Onglyza) - Once/day tablet ... contraindicated in heart ... not definitively cause ... with t risk of heart
Vasopressors Table 
Rough properties by Target Receptor, Heart Rate/Inotropy, Systemic Vascular Resistance, Cardiac Output, Blood Pressure,
Vasopressors Table ... Target Receptor, Heart ... Resistance, Main Uses ... Vasopressors #Properties #Table
Lung Findings on Physical Exam
Crackles:
 • Short, discontinuous, sounds mostly heard during inspiration
 • Caused by
sounds mostly heard ... inspiration • Caused ... high-pitched sounds heard ... expiration • Caused ... Findings #Pulmonary #PhysicalExam
Jugular Waveform Components 
 • a wave - due to atrial contraction: It occurs just before
before the first heart ... • c wave - caused ... y descent - is caused ... Waveforms #JVP #PhysicalExam
Kussmaul's sign in Constrictive Pericarditis 

A 50-year-old woman with a remote history of mediastinal lymphoma (age
There is an extra heart ... Causes = RV failure ... pericarditis (this case ... Kussmauls #Sign #PhysicalExam