858 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Causes of Hypernatremia ... concentrating defect: • Diuretics ... • Osmotic diuresis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Causes
Macular Hole  - Slit Lamp Ocular Examination

Dr. Sebastian Vega @oftalmopo

#Macular #Hole #Retina #Ocular #PhysicalExam #clinical
Macular Hole - ... Slit Lamp Ocular ... @oftalmopo #Macular ... #Hole #Retina #Ocular ... PhysicalExam #clinical #video
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... thiazide-like diuretics ... Postobstructive diuresis ... , Osmotic diuresis ... #Hypokalemia #Causes
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Thiazides diuretics ... Metolazone Loop diuretics ... Potassium sparing diuretics ... loop #thiazide #classes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... Altitude sickness • Diuretic ... Symport (Loop Diuretics ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... Kidney stones caused
Hypercalcemia - EKG Findings
Causes of Hypercalcemia 
• Malignancy 
• Milk-alkali syndrome 
• Vitamin D toxicity 
•
EKG Findings Causes ... disease • Thiazide diuretics ... #Differential #Causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Hypokalemia - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... Classification #Causes
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Syndrome • Osmotic Diuresis ... Acetazolamide and Thiazide Diuretics ... endocrinology #causes
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Causes of Hyponatremia ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Ocular Flutter in the Serotonin Syndrome

#Ocular #Flutter #Serotonin #Syndrome #Clinical #Video #PhysicalExam #Opsoclonus
Ocular Flutter in ... Serotonin Syndrome #Ocular ... Syndrome #Clinical #Video