80 results
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
volume-based algorithm Urine ... can be high or low ... Primary polydipsia), Low ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
lysis) ± Urine ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low ... Slow - don’t delay ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... (late) • High Urine ... Cl-: Diuretics, ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology
Changes in urinary composition induced by Diuretic drugs

#Urine #Effects #Diuretics #Electrolytes #Diagnosis #Calcium #Nephrology
composition induced by Diuretic ... drugs #Urine ... #Effects #Diuretics ... Diagnosis #Calcium #Nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Urine Cl-: Vomiting ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... (late) • High Urine ... Cl-: Diuretics, ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Nephrology
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Summary of Diuretic ... empagliflozin LOOP DIURETICS ... Tolvaptan #Diuretics ... Pharmacology #summary #table ... #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
EABV, Low Plasma ... Plasma HCO3- • Low ... Cl - Loop diuretics ... , Thiazide diuretics ... algorithm #diagnosis #nephrology
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
• Physiologic Diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... (usually low urine ... disease, Loop Diuretics ... Increased intake (low
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
a.k.a. osmotic diuresis ... : Conventional diuretics ... • Central Dl (Low ... Polyuria Mimics (↑ urine ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Polyuria = >3L Urine output / 24 hours
Urine osmolality = 2 (Na
Polyuria = >3L Urine ... output / 24 hours Urine ... mosm/kg • Solute Diuresis ... nutrition), Azotemia LOW ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #nephrology