1633 results
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ... EABV, Low Plasma ... Urine Cl - Loop diuretics ... , Thiazide diuretics ... hypokalemia #urine #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Normal Acid-Base: Low ... Ureterosigmoidoscopy • HTN, Low ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Algorithm #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
Hypertensive: • High Al, Low ... Renin-secreting tumor • Low ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... nephrology #causes #low ... #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift:
 • Alkalosis
 • ↑ beta-2 adrenergic simulation 
 • Erythropoiesis
vomiting) • Low ... • Discontinued diuretic ... Algorithm #nephrology #low ... #potassium
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Urinary Losses - Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Saline or osmotic diuresis ... , Potassium depletion ... • Drugs: Loop diuretics ... nephrology #magnesium #low
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
treated with IV potassium ... consumption • Low ... Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... #differential #potassium ... #nephrology #low
Causes of Hypokalemia
I. Decreased intake
   A. Starvation
   B. Clay ingestion
II. Redistribution into
Na• delivery: diuretics ... , osmotic diuresis ... Increased secretion of potassium ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Classification
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
G-K), K-sparing diuretics ... acidosis) • Low ... (IV loop diuretic ... Slow - don’t delay ... Management #Treatment #potassium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
loop or thiazide diuretics ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... pressure: Active diuretic ... of sodium and potassium