15 results
Hantavirus
Pathogen: Hantavirus - Rodents are the primary reservoir
Transmission:
 • Shed in the urine, feces, saliva of
• Shed in the urine ... Febrile illness + ARDS ... +/- diarrhea Diagnosis ... Treatment: • ... #management #treatment
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
- Antiviral treatment ... herpes virus or HIV ... /AIDS, diuretics ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #calculus
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
/ AIDS - Differential ... Diagnosis Framework ... Antimicrobial treatment ... Demyelinating disease caused ... #AIDS #opportunistic
Possible Causes of Altered Urine Color 

Red 
    Foods: beets, blackberries, rhubarb
Possible Causes ... of Altered Urine ... Conditions: blue diaper ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND)

Definition:
HIV-Associated Neurocognitive disorders categories:
• Asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment
• Mild neurocognitive impairment
• HIV dementia

Pathophysiology:
HIV frequently
Diagnosis: MRI ... Treatment: • HAART ... treatment • Cognitive ... disorder #dementia #AIDS ... #Neurology
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... Measure urine osmolality ... through a peripheral IV ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Antibiotics (Bactrim, PCN ... tourniquet / IVF line draw ... lysis) ± Urine ... only if no clear cause ... #potassium #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
- Differential Diagnosis ... Management Summary Causes ... Infection - Viral (HIV ... Weakness - Dark urine ... #treatment #nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
disease 24-hour urine ... Spot PC (protein ... infections are common causes ... testing #workup #diagnosis ... nephrotic #nephritic #nephrology
Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome - Overview of IRIS

What Is IRIS?
	• A state of hyperinflammatory response that
of HIV/AIDS patients ... be present: • AIDS ... a decrease in HIV ... leukoencephalopathy (PML ... unintentional weight loss, nausea