38 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... • SIADH • hypothyroidism ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Woltman’s sign on Physical Exam

53-year-old man presented with fatigue and sensitivity to cold. A physical examination
evaluation confirmed a diagnosis ... deep-tendon reflex, is a neurologic ... #PhysicalExam # ... Hypothyroidism # ... Clinical #Video #Neurology
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... Hormonal changes • Hypothyroidism ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH - Euvolemic; no physiologic stimulus to
Causes of Hyponatremia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Pain/Post-op • Neurologic ... Hormonal changes • Hypothyroidism ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypertonic Hyponatremia ... Medications (diuretics), Hypothyroidism ... #Algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #nephrology
Clinical Examination for Liver and Biliary Diseases
1) Hands: Clubbing, Dupuytren's contracture, Leuconychia, Bruising, Flapping tremor (hepatic
Hands: Clubbing, Dupuytren's ... encephalopathy), Palmar ... Edema #biliary #physicalexam ... liver #disease #signs ... #diagnosis
Hyperthyroidism – symptoms and signs. 

Symptoms:

Weight loss, Increased appetite, Irritability/behaviour change, Restlessness, Malaise, Stiffness, Muscle weakness,
Hyperthyroidism ... – symptoms and signs ... Onycholysis, Palmar ... Pretibial myxoedema #Hyperthyroidism ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Euvolemic - Hypothyroidism ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... Algorithm #causes #nephrology
Likelihood ratios for different physical findings in anemia:
Conjunctival rim pallor LR: 16.7
Palmar crease pallor LR: 7.9
Palmar
LR: 16.7 Palmar ... crease pallor LR ... : 7.9 Palmar pallor ... 4.7 #anemia #physicalexam ... #signs #diagnosis
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... CKD, Thiazides, Hypothyroidism ... UnremarkableLab #Hyponatremia ... #nephrology #sodium