19 results
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) Elevation - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

ALP:
 - Enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of organic phosphate
Alkaline Phosphatase ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Intestine • Kidney ... duct stricture/Stones ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Nephrolithiasis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Radio-opaque - Calcium-containing - 90% of stones
Radiolucent - Non-calcium 10%
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Uric Acid Stones ... - 10% of stones ... Medullary sponge kidney ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Liver Chemistry Tests - AST, ALT, Alkaline Phosphatase and Bilirubin Metabolism
AST and ALT:
 • AST: liver
Tests - AST, ALT, Alkaline ... cardiac muscle > kidney ... within liver Alkaline ... Bilirubin #Hepatology #Pathophysiology
Low Alkaline Phosphatase - Hypophosphatasia 

Is Low Alkaline Phosphatase Of Clinical Importance?

ALP enzyme- Discovered in 1923
Low
Low Alkaline Phosphatase ... Hypophosphatasia Is Low Alkaline ... tubule of the kidney ... collection with EDTA Pathophysiology ... Symptoms of Low Alkaline
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
/osteoporosis, Kidney ... stones, Excessive ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Outpatient Hypertension Management Algorithm
Monotherapy: 
 • Thiazide/thiazide-like 
 • ACE-I (non-black patients), 
 • ARB
Hypertension Management Algorithm ... Acute Ischemic Stoke ... Syndrome • Acute Kidney ... Hypertension #Management #Algorithm
Hypercalcemia of Malignancy - Pathophysiology
PTH-mediated
 • Parathyroid cancer
 • Ectopic production: Small cell lung cancer, ovarian
of Malignancy - Pathophysiology ... reabsorption in kidney ... Hypercalcemia #Malignancy #Pathophysiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #algorithm
Lower Urinary Tract Infections: Complications
 - Infection damages the urinary tract epithelium causing fibroblast proliferation and
Infection of the kidney ... urine -> Struvite stones ... UrinaryTractInfection #LUTI #Pathophysiology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Breast, Kidney, ... Milk Alkali) • ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Side Effects of the Neobladder - Pathophysiology
 • Hercalciuria → Kidney Stones
 • Bone Resorption →
the Neobladder - Pathophysiology ... Hercalciuria → Kidney ... Stones • Bone ... burden on liver and kidnevs ... #SideEffects #Pathophysiology