17 results
Clinical manifestations of acute liver failure 

Brain: 
Hepatic encephalopathy,  
Cerebral edema,  
Intracranial hypertension,
liver failure ... Seizures Kidney ... Coagulopathy, Lactic acidosis ... lung injury, ... Signs #Symptoms #Diagnosis
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury ( AKI ) - Prerenal, Renal, and Postrenal

PRE-RENAL 
Impaired perfusion: 
•
Kidney Injury ( ... /phimosis #Diagnosis ... #Acute #Kidney ... #Differential # ... Nephrology **
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acid Base Disorders ... Acute or chronic ... Compensation, Acute ... Diagnosis: Causes ... bloodgas #Acid #Base
Common causes of Acute Kidney Injury AKI - Differential Diagnosis
HEMODYNAMIC
 • Cardiac failure: Impaired forward flow,
Kidney Injury AKI ... - Differential ... Diagnosis HEMODYNAMIC ... • Cardiac failure ... #Diagnosis #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
poisoning Normal acid-base ... to diarrhea, a high ... urine #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential # ... diagnosis
Causes of HyperKalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Increased extracellular K+:
 • Tissue injury
 • Hemolysis
 • Rhabdomyolysis
 •
Diagnosis Increased ... K+: • Tissue injury ... • Metabolic acidosis ... glycosides • High ... acute iatrogenic
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
oxoproline) • Renal failure ... (acute and chronic ... Chronic progressive kidney ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Appropriately Low Kidney Phosphate Excretion:
 • Decreased GI Absorption: Chronic Diarrhea, Antacids,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Appropriately Low Kidney ... Refeeding Syndrome, Acute ... Inappropriately High ... inhibitor, Estrogen based
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... Loop Diuretics; High-Ceiling ... Torsemide) • Acute ... hyperaldosteronism • Acute ... #Medications #Table
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Diagnosis Framework ... • Trauma/Crush injury ... - Metabolic acidosis ... insufficiency/Failure ... #nephrology