13 results
Myocarditis
Diagnosis 
• Endomyocardial biopsy (gold standard, rarely performed) 
• Clinical presentation 
• Cardiovascular MRI 
Clinical 
•
Myocarditis Diagnosis ... Cardiovascular MRI ... Abnormal ECG, echocardiogram ... Elevated troponin • Cardiogenic ... shock, sudden cardiac
Pulmonary Arterial Catheterization – Use and Interpretation:
-Pulmonary arterial catheterization (PAC) has never been shown to improve
Pulmonary Arterial Catheterization ... or the type of shock ... those with severe cardiogenic ... shock (eg, acute ... #Differential #Table
Shock - Differential Diagnosis by Classification

Hypovolemic (Intravascular volume depletion)
 - Hemorrhagic 
   • Trauma
Diagnosis by Classification ... ) Cardiogenic ( ... contractility) - Acute MI ... - Severe heart ... Classification #Table
Right Heart Catheterization - Pulmonary Artery Pressures and Calculations
PULMONARY VASCULAR RESISTANCE = (meanPAP-PCWP) / CO
 •
Right Heart Catheterization ... mortality in inferior MI ... CARDIAC POWER OUTPUT ... much as 40% in cardiac ... artery #catheter #diagnosis
Bedside Classification of Shock

Hypovolemic shock 

- Vomiting, diarrhea, overdiuresis 

- Hemorrhage (GI, peritoneal, RP) 

Distributive shock
Anaphylaxis - Post-cardiac ... Endocarditis - Post-MI ... #Distributive #Cardiogenic ... #Comparison #Table ... #Diagnosis #Features
Inpatient Cath Lab Indications
Cath Lab ASAP:
STEMI
NSTEMI:
1. Unstable/cardiogenic shock
2. Severe LV dysfunction or
3. Recurrent/persistent rest angina despite
Unstable/cardiogenic ... shock 2. ... New/worsening MR ... #Indications #Cardiac ... #catheterization
Shock - Differential Diagnosis Framework
MAP = CO x SVR
Hypovolemic (↓ Intravascular volume):
 • Hemorrhage, dehydration due
Shock - Differential ... pressure, pallor Cardiogenic ... failure): • Severe heart ... failure, acute MI ... #table #comparison
Shock and Vasoactive Drugs 
1) Determine type and etiology of shock
 • Distributive: Sepsis, Anaphylaxis, Neurogenic
Neurogenic • Cardiogenic ... : Acute MI, Acute ... Heart Failure, ... #inopressors #diagnosis ... management #comparison #table
Approach to Undifferentiated Shock - OnePager Summary
Shock occurs when there is inadequate blood flow (CO) &
4 categories: cardiogenic ... Pneumothorax, Cardiac ... pancreatitis, post-cardiac ... Losses (bums, heat ... #diagnosis #differential
Shock Classification
Shock Definition: State of cellular and tissue hypoxia due to: reduced oxygen delivery, increased oxygen
myxedema, beriberi CARDIOGENIC ... decompensated heart ... pneumothorax, cardiac ... Classification #Types #diagnosis ... warm #wet #dry #table