26 results
Pulmonary Pathology and Associated Lung Ultrasound Findings
Pneumothorax:
 - No lung sliding/barcode sign
 - Lung point (hard
sliding/barcode sign ... pleura in severe cases ... Respiratory Distress Syndrome ... lung sliding COPD ... #pulmonary #differential
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Maternal uniparental disomy: inheriting 2 copies of maternal chromosome
Prader-Willi Syndrome ... Signs/Symptoms ... delayed puberty -> Infertility ... , sleep apnea, cor ... #genetics #pathophysiology
Lesions of the Spinal cord - Spinal Cord Syndromes

Spinal cord lesions can result in permanent neurologic
- Spinal Cord Syndromes ... Causes of spinal ... involved - Bilateral ... (more commonly bilateral ... #differential #
Causes of Urinary Incontinence - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 - Transient - Easily reversible cause (DIAPPERS)
Incontinence - Differential ... Contraction - Signs ... neuropathy or spinal cord ... , cauda equina syndrome ... #Incontinence #Differential
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
- Emergency Causes ... constipation Differential ... Diagnosis: • Spinal cord ... #differential # ... diagnosis #causes
Causes of Hemiplegia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Cerebral Hemisphere (Contralateral motor cortex)
 • Aphasia
 • Apraxia
 •
Causes of Hemiplegia ... - Differential ... extremity findings Unilateral ... Spinal Cord Lesions ... Brown-Sequard Syndrome
Alzheimer’s Disease: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Risk factor for Late Onset Alzheimer's (99% of cases):
 - Increasing
mutations - Down syndrome ... chromosome 21) Signs ... memory • Aphasia, word-finding ... AlzheimersDisease #Dementia #pathophysiology ... geriatrics #diagnosis #signs
Spinal Cord Disorders - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Spinal cord neurological lesion:
Clinical findings:
 • Symptoms and signs below
- Differential ... • Symptoms and signs ... Tract Lesions: • Bilateral ... Causes: 1. ... MCTD, Sjogren syndrome
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
Cauda Equina Syndrome ... Causes: • Large ... lumbar spine Signs ... not have to be bilateral ... #MSK #pathophysiology
21-Hydroxylase Deficiency (21-OHD): Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Autosomal recessive mutation in CYP21A2 coding for the enzyme 21-OHase
enzyme 21-OHase causes ... Signs/Symptoms/Complications ... Late (shock): cold ... Hirsutism & acne • Infertility ... #21HydroxylaseDeficiency #21OHD #pathophysiology