31 results
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Hypercalcemia ... histoplasmosis) • Milk (calcium ... )-alkali syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #calcium ... #high #endocrinology
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) Effect in Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium - Net Effect Hypercalcemia:
   ↑ intestinal
PTH) Effect in Calcium ... and Phosphorus Calcium ... - Net Effect Hypercalcemia ... #Phosphorus #pathophysiology ... #endocrinology
Pathophysiology of Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS)
Tumor Cell Lysis
-> Release of DNA
 • Purines -> Hypoxanthine /
Pathophysiology ... of Tumor Lysis Syndrome ... -> Allantoin (High ... • Hyperkalemia ... #TLS #Pathophysiology
Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Low and High Phosphate
LOW PHOSPHATE
 - Low/NormaI PTH
Hypocalcemia - Differential ... Phenytoin, Nephrotic Syndrome ... Activating Mutation in Calcium ... Poisoning #Hypocalcemia ... Algorithm #Phosphate #endocrinology
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
Hypercalcemia - ... Elevated PTH (High ... Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... Algorithm #causes #endocrinology
Hypocalcemia Workup - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Low Magnesium, High Magnesium - Functional Hypoparathyroidism
 • High
Hypocalcemia Workup ... deficiency • Drugs: Calcium ... metastases, Hungry bone syndrome ... @aishaikh #Hypocalcemia ... Algorithm #nephrology #calcium
Chvostek's Sign - Physical Exam - Hypocalcemia

Chvostek's sign is described as the twitching of facial muscles
Physical Exam - Hypocalcemia ... persons with normal calcium ... Chvosteks #Signs #PhysicalExam ... #Hypocalcemia # ... Video #Clinical #endocrinology
Chvostek sign in Hypocalcemia
The Chvostek sign is a contraction of ipsilateral facial muscles subsequent to percussion
Chvostek sign in Hypocalcemia ... with normal serum calcium ... Chvostek #sign #Hypocalcemia ... clinical #video #endocrinology ... #physicalexam
Hypercalcemia Evaluation
1) Clinical clues
 - Is the patient symptomatic?
 - Family history?
 - Have you done
Hypercalcemia Evaluation ... PTH - Frankly high ... BrighamChiefs #Hypercalcemia ... differential #diagnosis #endocrinology ... #calcium #elevated
Leukostasis vs Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Leukostasis:
 • Pathophysiology: Large, immature blasts and high WBC count cause hyperviscosity
Leukostasis: • Pathophysiology ... immature blasts and high ... : • Pathophysiology ... Spontaneous if high ... hydration - Hyperkalemia