109 results
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus ... Management #Algorithm #Sodium ... #nephrology #insipidus
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
Inadequate water intake:
 • Lack of access to water
Extrarenal hypotonic fluid
Central diabetes insipidus ... Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ... Diagnosis #Causes #nephrology ... #sodium #high
Etiologies of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis
GI losses / Insensible losses
Sodium Overload
Transcellular Movement of Water
Central Diabetes Insipidus
Insensible losses Sodium ... Transcellular Movement ... Central Diabetes Insipidus ... Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
water loss, Serum Sodium ... kg • Diabetes Insipidus ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Inherited Defects in Kidney Tubule Epithelial Cells

Renal glucosuria - Na+-dependent glucose cotransporter
Cystinuria - Amino acid transporter
Bartter
cell epithelial sodium ... of epithelial sodium ... Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus ... Defects #Kidney #Nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Euvolemic: Diabetes insipidus ... Workup #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Parkinsonian Gait 

Parkinson's gait is very characteristic: Standing, the patient tends to tilt the trunk forward,
perform compensatory movements ... starting the gait movement ... Parkinsons #Gait #Neurology ... PhysicalExam #clinical #video
Characteristic eye movements found in congenital nystagmus

Video by Kathleen B. Digre, M.D. - Moran Eye Center

#Congenital
Characteristic eye movements ... congenital nystagmus Video ... Ophthalmology #Neurology ... #Clinical #Video
Left #Blepharospasm on physical exam

Blepharospasm (also called benign essential blepharospasm) is blinking or other eyelid movements,
or other eyelid movements ... physicalExam #clinical #video ... #neurology #twitching
Bell's Phenomenon (Palpebral-Oculogyric Reflex) on Physical Exam

Upward movement of the eyeball when the eyelids are forcefully
Exam Upward movement ... PhysicalExam #clinical #video ... #neurology #palsy