70 results
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - Causes ... Deep coma (any cause ... polyneuropathy (e.g ... syndrome, Eclampsia, Late ... diagnosis #table #neurology
Nephron Pathophysiology - Diuretic Sites of Action
Diuretics
1) Acetazolamide/canagliflozin
2) Osmotic agents (mannitol, urearetics)
3) Loop agents (eg, furosemide)
4)
Nephron Pathophysiology ... ) Loop agents (eg ... Adenosine #Nephron #Pathophysiology ... Sites #Action #nephrology ... #pharmacology
Marcus Gunn Pupil - Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (RAPD)
Definition: Afferent loop of the pupillary light reflex
the pupillary light ... Optic nerve* (main cause ... neuritis due to MS ... Later (1959), Levitan ... #Defect #RAPD #neurology
EKG Interpretation Cheat Sheet
1) Rate 
 - Regular - Count-Off 
 - Irregular - Count number
EKG Interpretation ... Cheat Sheet 1) Rate ... in leads V1-3 (Right ... proportional to heart rate ... @AmyChung #EKG
The JT Interval and Pro-Arrhythmic Risk
Measured from the J-point to the end of the T-wave, the
- Right Bundle Branch ... with QRS ≥120 ms ... electrocardiogram #pathophysiology ... #ekg #ecg #cardiology
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
maintained fever CAUSES ... Sepsis (→ 3-14) e.g ... hyperthermia crisis (late ... Phaeochromocytoma Neurologic ... #Differential #Causes
Principal patterns of loss of sensation.
 (a) Thalamic lesion: sensory loss throughout opposite side (rare).
temperature loss but light ... MS: loss of proprioception ... vibration and light ... #Diagnosis #Neurology ... Review in Clinical Neurology
Isocoria - Pupillary Defects - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Relative Afferent Pupil Defect
 • Optic Neuritis
 • Ischemic
• Syphilis (light-near ... dissociation) • Pharmacologic ... (e.g Opioids, Alcohol ... • Botulism Pharmacologic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Causes of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Insufficient Sleep
 • Poor Sleep Hygiene
 • Insomnia
Causes of Excessive ... Disorders • Neurologic ... Disorders (Eg. ... Parkinson's, MS) ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
• Most common cause ... Lung Abscess Pathophysiology ... degrees • Chills, night ... CXR upright or lat ... • Vasculitis (e.g