65 results
Pulmonary Renal Syndrome

Definition: Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage + Glomerulonephritis
Presentation (Pulmonary and renal manifestations can occur weeks apart):
Pulmonary Renal ... Syndrome Definition ... (Eosinophilic granulomatosis ... polyangiitis, Granulomatosis ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
, Milk Alkali Syndrome ... , Viral Syndromes ... VitD: Lymphoma, Granulomatous ... diseases, Idiopathic ... Algorithm #Workup #nephrology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
hormone–independent Renal ... analogues - Granulomatous ... disease - Williams ... syndrome Other ... endocrine diseases
ANA (Antinuclear Antibody) and ANCA (Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies)
 • Systemic lupus erythematosus
   1. Anti-dsDNA
cases • Sjögren syndrome ... connective tissue disease ... polyangiitis without renal ... ANCA+ 30-60% • Renal-limited ... #rheumatology #diseases
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary
Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous ... (eosinophilic granulomatosis ... life-threatening diseases ... Inflammatory eye disease ... #diagnosis #management
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia due to increased bone Ca2+ resorption:
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism, Malignancy, Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal failure,
Pseudohyperparathyroidism, Renal ... failure, Addison's disease ... absorption: • Granulomatous ... diseases (sarcoidosis ... calcium)-alkali syndrome
Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID)

What?
CVID: Immunodeficiency disorder with hypogammaglobulinemia -> increased infection risk secondary to impaired B-cell
breast cancer Granulomatous ... and M panel Management ... : • Nephrotic syndrome ... (Epstein-Barr syndrome ... hematology #diagnosis #management
CNS Ring-Enhancing Lesions - Immunocompromised vs Immunocompetent
Multiple Ring-Enhancing Lesions:
 • Toxoplasmosis (CD4 < 100)
 • Other
Diagnosis- Compatible syndrome ... Lymphomatoid granulomatosis ... lymphoproliferative disease ... • Metastatic disease ... causes #radiology #neurology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
basement membrane disease ... - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... of glomerular disease ... #nephrology #renal
Vasculitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
• Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
• Mononeuritis multiplex
• Hematuria, proteinuria,
pulmonary and renal ... affects the skin, neurologic ... cognitive impairment, neurologic ... vasculitis • Behcet syndrome ... vasculitis • Cogan syndrome