14 results
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... 145 mmol/L High Urine ... glucosuria Low Urine ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Hypertonic Saline for Treatment of Hyponatremic Encephalopathy
1) 100 ml bolus of 3% NaCl over 10 min.
for Treatment of ... Hyponatremic Encephalopathy ... hours. 2) Serum sodium ... Increase in sodium ... L. 5) Monitor urine
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinalysis & Urine ... exclusively on urine ... • Urinary casts ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria ... #hematuria
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
usually caused by ... Measure urine osmolality ... Treatment: Treatment ... the underlying cause ... management #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia (<135 mEq/L) is a common electrolyte abnormality caused by an excess of total body water
serum osmolality, urine ... and urine osmolality ... among the possible causes ... increase in the urine ... Measured urine sodium
Management of SIADH
Treat underlying cause:
 • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
: • Causes can ... promoting passive sodium ... : • If Urine osmolality ... SIADH #Management #hyponatremia ... #nephrology #treatment
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment
Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
Hypernatremia - ... history, exam, and urine ... DI; high dilute urine ... Treatment: Treatment ... management #nephrology #sodium
SIADH Treatment Options
1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
SIADH Treatment ... promoting passive sodium ... 0.9% NS • If Urine ... Hypotension, Increased urine ... SIADH #Management #hyponatremia
Hepatorenal Syndrome (HRS)

Definition:
• Functional, potentially reversible kidney impairment.
• Occurs in advanced liver disease: cirrhosis, severe alcoholic
damage: bland urine ... , no hematuria/proteinuria ... • Bland urine ... • Urine sodium ... Treatment Overview
Hantavirus
Pathogen: Hantavirus - Rodents are the primary reservoir
Transmission:
 • Shed in the urine, feces, saliva of
• Shed in the urine ... barns and lake houses ... • Autopsy PCR Treatment ... diagnosis #management #treatment ... #microbiology #infectiousdiseases