41 results
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... 2-2.5% or 24h Urine ... Malabsorption RENAL ... 2-2.5% or 24h Urine ... Magnesium #Low #Causes
Approach to Hypomagnesemia 

Fractional excretion of magnesium = (urine magnesium x serum creatinine)/ [0.7 (serum magnesium
Approach to Hypomagnesemia ... of magnesium = (urine ... serum magnesium x urine ... cells FEMg >4% = renal ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria: Red/Dark urine ... 1ml blood/liter urine ... more RBC/HPF spun urine ... examination of urine ... #urine #blood
Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Urine Output > 3L /day
Water Diuresis (Urine Osm <100 mOsm/kg)
 • Primary
Diagnosis Algorithm Urine ... Water Diuresis (Urine ... Mixed Diuresis (Urine ... Dl • Chronic Renal ... Solute Diuresis (Urine
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
differential, urine ... dipstick, urine ... microscopy / urinary ... Myeloma: serum / urine ... blood culture, urine
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Causes of Secondary ... disease - Renal ... test (with 24-h urine ... aldosterone) or IV saline ... alcohol induced - Urinary
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... anywhere in the urinary ... also be seen if urine ... inflammation in urinary ... contamination #Urine
Urinary Casts in the setting of renal disease
#Clinical #Nephro #Urine #Microscopy #Casts #Comparison #Chart #ATN #AIN
Urinary Casts in ... the setting of renal ... Clinical #Nephro #Urine ... #Microscopy #Casts
Types of Renal Calculi

Calcium oxalate
 - Interstitial apatite plaque, Low urine volume, Increased urinary calcium excretion,
apatite plaque, Low urine ... duct plaque, Low urine ... phosphate: alkaline urine ... - Antiviral treatment ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Hantavirus
Pathogen: Hantavirus - Rodents are the primary reservoir
Transmission:
 • Shed in the urine, feces, saliva of
Rodents are the primary ... • Shed in the urine ... • Autopsy PCR Treatment ... diagnosis #management #treatment ... #microbiology #infectiousdiseases