50 results
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Summary of Diuretic ... empagliflozin LOOP DIURETICS ... • Mannitol VASOPRESSIN ... Tolvaptan #Diuretics ... Pharmacology #summary #table
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... Hyperglycemia, Mannitol ... , Medications (diuretics ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #Hyponatremia #Algorithm
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
load (Na, urea, mannitol ... • Physiologic Diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... urine (usually low ... Increased intake (low
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... scheme) e.g., mannitol ... , glucosuria Low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... (Mannitol) • ... Symport (Loop Diuretics ... ; High-Ceiling Diuretics ... #Medications #Table
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , NGT suction, Low ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Polyuria - Differential Diagnosis
Excess Intake of Water:
 • Primary polydipsia (a.k.a. "psychogenic polydipsia")
 •
a.k.a. osmotic diuresis ... : Conventional diuretics ... gliflozins) • Other: Mannitol ... • Central Dl (Low
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... , NGT suction, Low ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis ... Primary polydipsia), Low ... differential #diagnosis #table
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Loop and thiazide diuretics ... Hypokalemia - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table