262 results
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... scheme) e.g., mannitol ... , glucosuria Low ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
Increased Urination - Differential ... load (Na, urea, mannitol ... urine (usually low ... kidney disease, Loop ... Increased intake (low
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Action, Effects, Clinical ... empagliflozin LOOP ... DIURETICS • Mannitol
Diagnostic Approach to Hyponatremia
Box A:
 • Normo/hyperosmolar Hyponatremia: Glucose, Mannitol, Glycine, Contrast media, Maltose
 • Pseudohyponatremia:
Hyponatremia: Glucose, Mannitol ... Primary Polydipsia, Low ... Hyponatremia #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Diuretics (loop ... NonGap #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Causes of Hypomagnesemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI LOSS - FeMg < 2-2.5% or 24h Urine Mg
Hypomagnesemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Urine Mg > 10g • Loop ... Hypomagnesemia #Magnesium #Low ... #Causes #Differential
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... Hyperglycemia, Mannitol ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #Hyponatremia #Algorithm
Diagnosis of Hypokalemia - Differential Algorithm 

Categorized by Causes: Redistribution, Extrarenal Losses, Renal Losses (High and
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Algorithm Categorized ... Losses (High and Low ... #Hypokalemia #Differential ... #Algorithm
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
True Hyponatremia Differential ... Algorithm Instead ... - Urine sodium low ... and uric acid low ... #Algorithm #Diagnosis