38 results
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... - Osmotic diuretic ... , Loop diuretics ... #Classification ... Diagnosis #Comparison #Table
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
Classification, ... - Diuretics ... #Classification ... Differential #Diagnosis #Table ... #Causes
Summary of Diuretic Agents 
Subclass, Drug, Mechanism of Action, Effects, Clinical Applications, Pharmacokinetics, Toxicities, Interaction
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE
Summary of Diuretic ... empagliflozin LOOP ... DIURETICS • Furosemide ... • Mannitol VASOPRESSIN ... Pharmacology #summary #table
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... administration • Osmotic diuresis ... scheme) e.g., mannitol ... #Causes
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... mmol/L - true hyponatremia ... hyperglycemia • mannitol ... volume loss - diuretics ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm
Hyponatremia Treatment Algorithm

CHF, Cirrhosis - Fluid restriction
SIADH - Fluid restriction
 - Consider salt tablets if etiology
Hyponatremia Treatment ... Algorithm CHF ... consider adding loop ... diuretic Reset ... -> free water diuresis
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... Algorithm Hypertonic ... , Mannitol, Urologic ... , Medications (diuretics ... #Algorithm #diagnosis
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Metolazone Loop ... ), Isosorbide, Mannitol ... nephrology #conversion #loop ... #thiazide #classes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
(Mannitol) • ... +2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Kidney stones caused ... and euvolemic hyponatremia ... #Medications #Table
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Medications - Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... Low #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup