25 results
Pharmacology of diuretics

Acetazolamide, Loop diuretics, Thiazide‐like diuretics, MRA, Amiloride

Site of Action, Maximum Dose, Half-Life, Onset, Bioavailability,
Acetazolamide, Loop ... #Pharmacology #Comparison ... #Table #HalfLife ... #Dosing #Loop # ... Thiazide #CHF #Cardiology
Diuretic Electrolyte Excretion Effects 
Diuresis, Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, HCO3-, Uric Acid
 - Thiazide Type
Thiazide Type - Loop ... - Epithelial Sodium ... #pharmacology #comparison ... #table
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure.

(A) Congestion with volume overload. 

(B) Treatment algorithm after
(B) Treatment algorithm ... Total loop diuretic ... intravenous; SGLT2‐I, sodium–glucose ... Diuretic #Diuresis #CHF ... #Algorithm #Congestive
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemic - Give volume
Hypervolemic (Edematous) - Look for and treat underlying cause
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... (Edematous) - Look ... treat underlying cause ... (CHF, cirrhosis ... diagnosis #nephrology #sodium
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... hyperglycemia • mannitol ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF ... Diagnosis #Workup #Algorithm
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Causes of Hypernatremia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... water loss, Serum Sodium ... scheme) e.g., mannitol ... #Causes
Findings in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Different Causes of Meningitis

#CSF #Fluid #Analysis #Interpretation #Meningitis #Normal #Bacterial #Viral
Fluid in Different Causes ... Meningitis #CSF ... Bacterial #Viral #Comparison ... #Table #Diagnosis
Drugs associated with hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia

Hypokalemia
- Shift from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid compartment
  -
overdose) - Sodium ... Furosemide and other loop ... Thiazides - Mannitol ... diagnosis #nephrology #Causes
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Metolazone Loop ... ), Isosorbide, Mannitol ... as no effect on sodium ... nephrology #conversion #loop ... #thiazide #classes
Causes of Chronic Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pericardial
 • Effusion
 • Cardiac Tamponade*
 • Constriction
Myocardial
 •
Causes of Chronic ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Artery Disease • Stable ... Interstitium • ILD • CHF ... #Causes