18 results
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine sediment Microscopic ... pain + gross or microscopic ... hematuria • Signs ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... microscopic and
Algorithmic Approach to Acute Interstitial Nephritis
When to suspect AIN? (not sensitive)
 • AKI, AKD, rapidly progressive
Algorithmic Approach to Acute ... sterile pyuria, WBC casts ... eosinophiluria, microscopic ... proteinuria, granular casts ... AIN #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Dizziness - Vertigo - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
True Vertigo - Illusion of Rotary Movement
Peripheral Vestibular
Causes of Dizziness ... Bone Fracture Central ... neurologic symptoms/signs ... Glomus Tumors - Vascular ... #Neurology #Differential
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
Causes of Acute ... Epithelial cell casts ... Obstruction • Cast ... polyangiitis /microscopic ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... are seen in acute ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Algorithm Red blood ... cells on urine microscopy ... bladder) • Vascular ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... with polyangiitis/microscopic
Characteristics of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
 • Onset: Sudden
 • Intensity: Severe initially, often decreasing
Peripheral and Central ... or minutes with vascular ... causes, such as ... #findings #signs ... symptoms #comparison #neurology
Causes of Peripheral and Central Vertigo
PERIPHERAL VERTIGO
1. Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) - Short-lived (typically less
and Central Vertigo ... CENTRAL VERTIGO ... Vascular disorders ... varying neurologic signs ... #Vertigo #Causes
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Acute Kidney Injury ... dipstick, urine microscopy ... clinical context and signs ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Microscopic exam ... • Urinary casts ... Acute Kidney Injury ... Acute Tubular Necrosis ... leucocyte-esterase #urine #UNa #casts